鈉  基  膨  潤(rùn)  土

   膨潤(rùn)土(Bentonite)按譯音、成因及用途又稱斑脫巖、膨土巖等，是以蒙脫石(也稱微晶高嶺石、膠嶺石)為主要成分的粘土巖—蒙脫石粘土巖,常含少量伊利石、高嶺石及沸石、長(zhǎng)石、方解石等。蒙脫石為少量堿及堿土金屬的含水鋁硅酸鹽礦物。

由于蒙脫石層間水和層間可交換陽(yáng)離子存在，按蒙脫石所含可交換陽(yáng)離子種類、含量和結(jié)晶化學(xué)性質(zhì)等,可將膨潤(rùn)土劃分為鈉基膨潤(rùn)土(堿性土)、鈣基膨潤(rùn)土(堿土性土)和天然漂白土(酸性土或酸住白土)三種。

物理性質(zhì)：

顏色一般為白色,淡黃,因含鐵量變化又呈淺灰、淡綠粉紅、褐紅、黑雜等色。具蠟狀、土狀或油脂光澤。

化學(xué)成份：

膨潤(rùn)土www.xyzszzy.com的主要化學(xué)組分是二氧化硅(SiO2),三氧化二鋁(Al2O3)和水。氧化鐵和氧化鎂含量有時(shí)也較高。此外,鈣、鈉、鉀等常以不同含量存在于膨潤(rùn)土中。膨潤(rùn)土的Na2O和CaO含量對(duì)膨潤(rùn)土的物理化學(xué)性能和工藝技術(shù)性能影響頗大。

理化性能：

膨潤(rùn)土具有吸濕性，能吸附8～15倍于本體積的水量。吸水后膨脹，能膨脹數(shù)倍，可達(dá)30余倍。在水介質(zhì)中能分散呈膠體懸浮液，這種懸浮液具有一定的粘滯性、觸變性和潤(rùn)滑性。它和水、泥或砂等細(xì)碎屑物質(zhì)的摻合物有可塑性和粘結(jié)性。有較強(qiáng)的陽(yáng)離子交換能力。對(duì)各種氣體、液體、有機(jī)物質(zhì)有一定的吸附能力，最大吸附量可達(dá)5倍于它的重量，具有表面活性的酸性漂白土能吸附有色物質(zhì)。

 膨潤(rùn)土的理化性能主要取決于它所含的蒙脫石種類和含量。一般鈉基膨潤(rùn)土較之鈣基或鎂基膨潤(rùn)土的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)和工藝技術(shù)性能優(yōu)越。主要表現(xiàn)在：吸水速度慢，但吸水率和膨脹倍數(shù)大；陽(yáng)離子交換量高；在水介質(zhì)中分散性好，膠質(zhì)價(jià)高；它的膠體懸浮液觸變性、粘度、潤(rùn)滑性好，pH值高；熱穩(wěn)定性好；有較高的可塑性和較強(qiáng)的粘結(jié)性；熱濕拉強(qiáng)度和干壓強(qiáng)度高。所以鈉基膨潤(rùn)土的使用價(jià)值和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值較高。

鈉基膨潤(rùn)土的應(yīng)用：

①在機(jī)械鑄造業(yè)中，可作鑄造型砂、粘結(jié)劑，可以克服鑄件的“夾砂”“起皮”現(xiàn)象，降低鑄造件廢品率，保證鑄件的精度和光潔度。

②在造紙工業(yè)中，用作紙張的填充劑，增強(qiáng)紙張的光亮度。

③利用本產(chǎn)品的強(qiáng)粘結(jié)性能，用于白乳膠、地板膠、漿糊等的制作。

④因其有穩(wěn)定的懸浮性、增稠性，能有效地托浮分散粉體，可作水性涂料的增稠防沉淀助劑。

⑤同時(shí)利用它的優(yōu)良的分散性和膨脹性，高造漿率、低失水量及膠體性能和剪切稀釋能力，可以用作鉆井泥漿用鈉土。

鑄造性能：

乳膠、涂料性能指標(biāo)：

英文版The English version

Sodium machine swelling soil

Bentonite clay (Bentonite) in transliteration, causes and use is also called spot to take off the rock, Bentonite, etc., is based on montmorillonite (also known as microcrystalline kaolinite, montmorillonite) as the main component of clay rock - montmorillonite clay rock, often contain small amounts of illite and montmorillonite, zeolite, feldspar, calcite, etc. Montmorillonite is a small amount of alkali and alkaline earth metal hydrous aluminum silicate minerals.

Because of montmorillonite interlayer water and interlayer exchangeable cations, in accordance with the montmorillonite content of exchangeable cation type, content and crystal chemistry, etc., can be divided into sodium base bentonite bentonite (alkaline soil), calcium base bentonite (alkali) native soil and natural bleaching earth lived (acidic soil or clay) three kinds.

Physical properties:

Color general for white, weak yellow, because of iron content change in light grey, light green, pink, brown color, red, black etc. With waxy luster, earthy or grease.

Chemical composition:

Bentonite silica (SiO2) is the main chemical composition, 3 oxidation 2 aluminium (Al2O3) and water. Iron oxide and magnesium oxide content sometimes higher. In addition, calcium, sodium, potassium, etc often exist in different content in bentonite. Bentonite Na2O and CaO content on the physical and chemical properties of bentonite and technology performance impact is quite big.

The physical and chemical properties:

Bentonite has hygroscopicity, can adsorption 8 ~ 15 times the volume of water. After water absorption expansion, can expand to several times, can reach more than 30 times. That can disperse in water medium in colloidal suspension, the suspension has certain viscosity, thixotropy and lubricity. It with water, mud or sand and fine detrital material blending has plasticity and sintering. Has the strong cation exchange capacity. For a variety of gases, liquids, has certain adsorption ability of organic matter, up to 5 times the maximum adsorption of its weight, has the surface activity of the acid bleaching earth can adsorption non-ferrous material.

Physico-chemical properties of the bentonite contained mainly depends on its content and the types of the montmorillonite. General sodium base bentonite than calcium or magnesium based bentonite technologies of chemical and physical properties and superior performance. Mainly displays in: the water absorption speed is slow, but multiple large water absorption rate and inflation; High cation exchange capacity; Good dispersibility in water medium and high colloid valence; Its thixotropy and viscosity, good lubricity, colloidal suspension of high pH value; Good thermal stability; Have higher plasticity and strong caking property; Hot wet tensile strength and high dry strength. So the use of sodium base bentonite value and economic value is higher.

The application of sodium base bentonite:

(1) in the mechanical casting industry, as a foundry sand, binder, which can overcome the "sand" of casting "peeling phenomenon, reduce the casting scrap rate, ensure the accuracy of castings and finish.

(2) in the papermaking industry, is used as paper filler, enhance the brightness of paper.

3. Use of this product strong bonding performance, production for white latex, floor glue, paste, etc.

(4) because of its stable levitation, thickening, can effectively support distributed powder, as a water-based paint thickening additives precipitation.

5. At the same time take advantage of its excellent dispersibility and expansibility, high mud making rate, low fluid loss and colloidal properties and shear dilution ability, can be used as a drilling mud used sodium soil.

The casting performance:

Project target level

Hot wet tensile strength

Wet strength

Colloid rate

Expansion ratio

200 mesh by volume

The moisture content

Mud making rate

mpa

mpa

%

%

%

Level 1

2.5

0.0049

100

25 to 30

95

10 or less

16 or higher

The secondary

2-2.5

0.00294 ~ 0.0049

100

18 ~ 25

90

12 or less

15 or less

Emulsion, coating performance indicators:

project

White degree

viscosity

Colloid valence

The PH

The moisture

Expansion of capacity

Particle size

%

Ps

15 ml/g -

%

Ml/g -

indicators

75 or more

2.8 or higher

90 or more

8 ~ 10

10 or less

Two or more

300-325